Abstract: Introduction: renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a pathological communication between renal arteries and veins, both acquired and congenital. Congenital AVMs of kidneys, on average, remain asymptomatic for up to 30-40 years, occurring mainly in women, may manifest with hematuria and pain. Nephrectomy is known to be historical method of treating AVM of the kidney, however, with the development of angiographic instrumentation, endovascular methods of treatment began to be introduced into practice more often. Case report: a 30-year-old female patient with ongoing recurrent bleeding from the urogenital tract. Performed preoperative examination: laboratory tests, cystoscopy, ultrasound, multispiral computed tomography. Patient underwent angiography followed by embolization of kidney AVM with Squid. Results: intraoperatively, it was noted that AVM embolization is partial. During the first day of the observation period, the presence of postembolization syndrome in the form of hyperthermia, pain and dysuric syndromes, a phenomenon of systemic reaction according to laboratory tests were noted. After 1,5 months, patient was hospitalized for second stage of embolizaion, but during angiography it appeared, that AVM is totally embolized. Conclusions: renal artery embolization in patients with renal arteriovenous malformations is a minimally invasive, effective method of treatment. 1. The process of selective embolization is controlled and can be used as an independent method of treatment. 2. Due to selective catheterization of arteries and the infusion of agent directly into the affected area, segmental infarction occurs, as a result of which there is minimal destruction of the healthy part of the kidney parenchyma, the function of the kidney will not suffer. References 1. Kenny DPN, Egizi T, Camp R. Cirsoid renal arteriovenous malformation. Applied Radiology. 2016; 45: 35-37. 2. Mukendi AM, Rauf A, Doherty S, et al. Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual pathology. SA Journal of Radiolog. 2019: 23(1). 3. Rosen RJ, Ryles TS: Arterial venous malformations. In Vascular disease. Surgical and Interventional Therapy Volume 2. Edited by: Strandness DE, Van Breda A. New York, Churchill Livingstone; 1994:1121-37. 4. Neeraj V, Cinosh M, Kim JM, et al. Massive hematuria due to congenital renal arteriovenous malformation successfully treated by renal artery embolization. J Assoc Phys India. 2018; 66: 78-80. 5. Sorokin NI. Superselective renal artery occlusion. Diss. doct. med. sciences. M., 2015; 346 [In Russ].
Abstract: Introduction: the main indicator that determines the prognosis of cancer is the degree of prevalence of tumor process at the time of detection. In terms of the growth of primary morbidity among urological cancers, bladder cancer ranks third, and prostate cancer is second. Treatment of patients in advanced stages is palliative and aimed at improving the quality of life and increasing its duration. Bleeding from the bladder or prostate in such cases is a life-threatening complication and one of the most common causes of death in advanced cancer. Aim: was to evaluate the effectiveness of embolization of arteries of the bladder and prostate in cancer patients with bleeding from the lower urinary tract as a preparatory stage for the subsequent specialized therapy of the oncological process. Materials and methods: from 2019 to August 2021, 38 embolizing interventions were performed in 36 patients with recurrent bleeding from the bladder with ineffective conservative hemostatic therapy. Of these, there were 30 men and 6 women. The average age was 63 ± 2,6 years. All patients at the prehospital stage were diagnosed with pelvic cancer with invasion of the bladder wall without the possibility of radical treatment. Particles with a size of 300-500 µm, embolization coils and fragmentated hemostatic sponge were used for embolization. Results: immediate angiographic success in the form of stagnation of blood flow through the target arteries was achieved in 100% of operations. In most cases, the relief of macrohematuria was achieved at day 4 (average values of erythrocytes in urine are 3,66 in p/sp). 2 patients (5,6%) underwent a second endovascular intervention during hospitalization due to the many small afferents suppluying the bladder tumor from the a. pudenta interna. Bleeding stopped in these patients by the 8th day of hospital stay. The early postoperative period in 100% of patients was accompanied by mild postembolization syndrome, which was stopped by symptomatic therapy within 24 hours. Conclusions: endovascular embolization in patients with oncopathology using the superselective technique has shown efficacy in stopping urological oncological bleeding, allows to achieve stable hemostasis in a short time and to continue specific treatment of cancer in patients of the 2nd clinical group. References 1. Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Shakhzadova AO. The state of cancer care for the population of Russia in 2019. - M.: MNIOI them. P.A. Herzen - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. 2020. - ill. – 239 [In Russ]. 2. Schuhrke TD, Barr JW. Intractable bladder hemorrhage: therapeutic angiographic embolization of the hypogastric arteries. J Urol. 1976; 116(4): 523-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58892-8 3. Granov AM, Karelin MI, Tarazov PG. X-ray endovascular surgery in oncourology. Bulletin of roentgenology and radiology. 1996; 1: 35-37 [In Russ]. 4. Taha DE, Shokeir AA, Aboumarzouk OA. Selective embolisation for intractable bladder haemorrhages: A systematic review of the literature. Arab J Urol. 2018; 16(2): 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2018.01.004 5. Mohan S, Kumar S, Dubey D, et al. Superselective vesical artery embolization in the management of intractable hematuria secondary to hemorrhagic cystitis. World J Urol. 2019; 37(10): 2175 - 2182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2604-0 6. Tibilov AM, Baymatov MS, Kulchiev AA, et al. Arterial embolization in the treatment of inoperable bladder tumors complicated by bleeding. Materials of the V Russian Congress of Interventional Cardioangiologists. 2013; 35: 79 [In Russ]. 7. Bilhim T, Pisco JM, Tinto HR, et al. Prostatic arterial supply: anatomic and imaging findings relevant for selective arterial embolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012; 23 (11): 1403-1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2012.07.028 8. Bilhim T, Pereira JA, Tinto HR, et al. Middle rectal artery: myth or reality? Retrospective study with CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013; 35(6): 517-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1068-y 9. Korkmaz M, Sanal B, Aras B, et al. The short- and long-term effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with intractable hematuria. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97: 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.020 10. Liguori G, Amodeo A, Mucelli FP, et al. Intractable haematuria: long-term results after selective embolization of the internal iliac arteries. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 500-503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09192.x 11. Karpov VK, Kapranov SA, Shaparov BM, Kamalov AA. Superselective embolization of urinary bladder arteries in the treatment of recurrent gross hematuria in bladder tumors. Urology. 2020; 5: 133-138 [In Russ].
